Switch system for electric vehicles.



No. 781,299. PATENTBD JAN. 31, 1905. F. PORSCHE & L. LOHNBR. SWITCH SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES.

APPLIUATION FILED AUG.5.1902.

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No. 781,299. PATENTED JAN. 31, 1905, P. PORSCHE 5: L/LOHNER, SWITCH SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHIGLBQ.

APPLIOATIOH IILED AUG. 5. 1902.

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m,/ N. 5 A 5 R Z 7 5 H1 1- E 0 5 1 7 UNITED STATES Patented January 31, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

HUNGARY.

S WITGH SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHiCLES.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No."7f81,299, dated January 31, 1905.

Application filed August 5, 1902. Serial No. 118,486.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that WEQFERDINAND Ponsonn, engineer, of IX. Berggasse 6, and LUDWIG LOHNER, manufacturer, of IX Porzellangasse 2, Vienna, Austria-Hungary, subjects of the Emperor of Austria'Hungai-y. have invented a certain, new and useful Improvement in Switch Systems for Electrical Vehicles, of

which the following isa-specification.

The present invention relates to a switch system for electric. vehicles whereby with the aid of a single controlling device variation of the speed is so effected that the controller effects the-switching operation of the electromotor as .Well as of the currentgenerator. Besides the three phases of the speed produced by conveniently controlling the motors eleven further phases can be obtained by operating the dynamo-viz., by the-arrangement of resistances switched parallel to the main field-' whereby the power is always fully utilized and is accommodated with a corresponding variation of speed of the vehicle to the power required. Moreover,thcdynamo-machineatrest can by operating the same controller be driven from an aunilary battery on the vehicle as an electric motor, so that the dynamo on being directly coupled with the motorsay an explosion-motor-serving as the motive source will startthe latter. The auiriliary battery is so switched into the circuit that it can be charged while the vehicleis running and when it is at rest, and, if desired, it may be used to simultaneously effect the lighting of the car. Finally, in the system according to the present invention any spark formation during the change of the speed is prevented by the dynamo being short-circuited or dcenergized before the change is effected, which is also the case during the braking action.

' In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 diagrammatically illustrates the arrangement of the circuits, their contact-points, and certain elementst'. a, a generator, motors, a means for varying the resistance, an accumulator, a lighting device, switches and a shunt arranged therein, and a controller, the latter being shown as developed on aflat surface. Figs.

2*, 2", and.2 s.ho.w-,=.various positionsioftlie parts of a certain switch 6. Figs. 3, 4,13, and 6 are diagrammatic views showing the circuits under the following conditions the motor-fields in series and the motor-armatures in series, Fig. 3, orthe motor-fields in series and the motor-armatures parallel, Fig. 4, the motor-fields parallel and the motorarmatures parallel, Fig. 5, and the motorfields in series and the motor-armatures in series and the motor elements entirely out out 5 from the dynamo elements, Fig. 6; and Fig.

7 is a view showing the arrangement of the controller and a brake-lever with reference to a certain switch whereby the dynamo is shortcircuited upon moving either the controller or the bralie lever.

The controllerrcylinder has three ser I1 is sliding contacts, of which the first group arranged for, in the case to be described,

fourteen different speeds, the second group B serving for, the driving connection and the third group O for braking purposes. (ms the armature of the dynamo.

1) represents the corresponding field-windings, while a a? and Z) and'bi are armature and corresponding:- fields of the electric motors.

The first group A of the sliding contacts is constituted by three parts or sets, of which the first set I is designed for the connection of thedynamo, the second set 11 for the re-' sistances, and the third setIIl for the connection with the electric motors, which according to the connection with the sliding contacts effect the three main phases of the switching operation for the motors.

The switching action for running will now be described with reference to the three main phases of speed. v

The parallel broken and dotted lines across the sliding contacts of the controller indicate the various switching positions. In the posi tion 5 the current flows from the positive pole of the armature of the dynamo over the commutator 0, so as to suppress the formation of sparks during the commutation to the contact 17 and through the slide-contact d to the contact l6, condnctor 20 to the field-winding b of the dynamo, conductor 21, contact 15, slidec'ontacte,connection 22, slide-contact f, contact 8, conductor 23, lield 7), conductor 24', contact 6, brush 9, contact 7, conductor 25, lield 7i, conductor 26, contact 5, slide-contact it, contact t, conductor 27, over the returnconnnutator D, conductor 28, armature a, conductor 29, contact 2,-slide-contact '5, con tact 3, conductor 30, armature a, conductor 31, commutator D, conductor 32, contact-piece l, slide-contact Zr, conductor 33, slide-contact m, contact 13, conductor 34 to the negative pole of the armature of the dynamo. As can be seen from this scheme, the fields and the armatures of the electric motors are switched in series, (one behind the other.) In the positions 1 to 4: the switching of the electric motors is the same except that the current in the slidecontact (Z is divided by resistances being switched parallel to the field of the dynamo. For this purpose the slide-contact d is conned through its conductor 35 with-astepped contact a, from which the branch of the circuit flowing through the contacts 9 or 11 or 12, and the resistances E .connects with the conductor of the contact 8.

in the position 10'the circuit through the contact parts is as follows: from the positive pole of the dynamo over the switch c,contact 17, slide-contact 0?, contact 16, conductor 20,

um; I), conductor 21, contact 15, slide-coir .cl; c, conductor 22, slide-contact contact 8, conductor 23, field-winding b, conductor 24, contact (5, slide-contact 9, contact 7, conductor winding 6 conductor 26, contact 5, and slid'e contact It. Here the current is divided, on ranch flowing through the contact a, conductor 27, commutator D, conductor 23, ar- .iiatu re (/12, conductor 29, contact 2 to the slidecontact 7;, while the other branch passes over the contact 3, conductor 30, armature a, conductor 3.1, commutator D, conductor 32, and contact 1 again to the slide-contact is. From here the currents pass-together along the conductor 33 to the slide-contact m, contact 18, and conductor 34 to the negative' pole of the armature of the dynamo. At theintermediate steps 6 to 9 the current is, as in the previous case, divided at d and flows parallel to the hold of the dynamo, with one branch traveling through the conductor 35 to the slidecontact p, according to the position through the contacts 9 or 10, 11 or 12, and resistance it to the conductor 23. t will be seen that'in this case the field-windings of the electric motors are switched in'series, while their armatures are switched parallel to each other.

in the position 14 the following circuit is established by the contacts: from the positive pole of the armature of the dynamo to the switch 0, contact 17 slide-contact cl, contact it conductor 20', windingb, conductor 21, contact 15, slide-contact a, connection 22, and slide-contact The current ishere divided and tlows, on the one hand, through the con-v ct 3, conductor 23, field Z), conductor 2 cont, slide-contact 9', connection 36', slide?- I contact q, contact 3, conductor 30, armati rt, conductor 31, conunutator l), conductor in), contact 1 to the slide-contact t, and, on the other hand, through 7, conductor 25, field If, conductor 26, contact 5, slide-contact it, contact i, conductor 27, commutator l), conductor 28, armature a, conductor 29, contact 2, and again to the slide-contact 7c, from which the currents flow in common through the conductor 33, slide-contact m, contact 18, conductor34 to the negative pole of the armature of the dynamo. in this case armatures and fields ot' the electric motors are switched parallel to each other, and the resistance E can, through the connection 35 and the slidc- 30 contact 1' in the position 11 to 13, be switched parallel to the field of the dynamo. lln the position 0 the circuit of the dynamo is broken, as the current passing from 2 through the conductor to the slide-contact f has through the latter no conductive connection with 8, for which reason the slide contact 7" comprises only the positionsl to 14:.

Ii or running backward, the circuits in the armatures of the electric motors are reversed by turning the con'imutator D into the position shown in dotted lines. 7

During the application of the brake the dynamo is switched out of action, and the electric motors act as dynamos switched in series, the currents of which'are neutralized by the resistance E. This resistancelil, which on brak ing takes up the current of the electric motors, is the same as that which is wholly or partially switched parallel to the field of the 1 dynamo during running. The current there fore flows from the positive armature (4 through 23, commutator D, conductor 27, contact et, slide-contact a, connection 37, slidecontact 6, according to the position I to "fill, I0 5 through contact 14: or l3, l2, ll, 10, or 9, and resistance E or directly through contact 8 to the conductor 23, field 0, conductor 2%, con tact 6, slide-contact 14, contact 7, conductor 25, field b conductor 26, contact 5, slide-contact c, connection 38, slide-contact 20, contact 1, conductor 32, commutator D, conductor 31, in opposite direction through armature (1/, conductor 30, contact 3, contact ,rzr, contact 2, and conductor 29 to the negative pole of the 5 armature (1/ This arrangement enables the engine driving the dynamo to be run at a constant speed, while the speed of the carriage is according to necessity conveniently controlled by the switch system.

A battery ii of accumulators is connected, on the one hand, through the conductor 39 to the conductor 20, which is coni'lcctcd when contact (Z bridges contacts $6 and 17 to the positive pole of the armature of the dyrmmo; 125 and, on the otherhand, through a conductor &0 to the conduc or 34., which is connected wi u. the negative pole, while in the conductor dare inserted a resistance ti and. a switch contacts y-and 2.

the negative. pole of the armature makes contact with and merely serves for lighting 49' -'pole of the battery through the conductor 41 ductor to the negative pole of the battery. Of. course when the lever-head I is in conconductor 41, which feeds the lamps J and 1 from one step to the other or to avoid the me which forms, on the one hand, a branch of the conductor 39, and, connected i to the switch H and according to ohly-charged ormerely serves for lighting l thep0s1tion'of which the battery is either carries two contacts y z, and thehead of the intermediate position it can rest upon both In the position of the switch-lever as shown the battery is charged independently of whether the car is in motion or not, and one branch of the current flows from the positive pole of the armature of the dynamoto the commutator 0, contact 17,slidecontact (Z, contact 16, conductors 20 and 39, to the'positive pole of the battery,and through the latter and the conductor 40, through the switch H and contact I, y, and resistance G to of the d yna'mo. The main circuit, however, passes from the conductor 20 through the winding 6, and then during.running according to the position 1 to 14, as above described, through the electric motors, or when the car is at astandstill through the shunt K and conductor 42 to the negative pole of the armature of the dynamo, so that the latter is always energized. If, however, the head of the lever I the contact 2, the battery is switched out of the circuit of the dynamo purposes, in which'case the current flows from the positive switch leveraiis sufliciently broad that in its and the'lamps J, contact 2, lever I, and contact with both contact-pieces 1 and .2 both circuits are closed and accordingly the batteryis charged and simultaneously serves for lighting.

Supposing the source of power (say an explosion-engine) for the operation of the dynamo was out of action and is to be set in operation, use is made of the battery F, which in the position X of the controller drives the dynamo as an electric motor, and thereby drives theexplosion-motor with which it is directly coupled. In this case the current passes from the positive pole of the battery F, through the conductors 39, field 7), conductor 21, contact 15, slide-contact L, conductor-43, slide-contact M contact 1?, switch a, armature a, conductor 34, contact l8, slide, contact N,';contact 19, and conductor 44 to eration proper is effected.

, and 60 its locking device.

cessity of a special blow-out device for this on the other hand, is purpose, the dynamo in the present arrangewhich purpose the f ment is deenergized, for above-mentioned switch 0 is used. This switch consists of two rotatable levers 45 46, one of which, 45, is connected through conductor 47 with the contact 1?, and the other, 46, through the conductor 48 with the conductor 21. The conductor 45 carries two contacts 49 50, the former of which is capable of being brought in contact with the contact 51 of the lever 46, while the contact 50 is with the contact 52, and therebyconnects through the conductors 47 and 53 the positive pole of the armature of the dynamo with the contact 17.

' The operation of this switch is as follows: When for the purpose of short-circuiting the dynamo the lever 46 is moved in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 2, the contact 51 is brought in contact with the contact 49, Fig. 2 The current flows then from the positive pole of the armature of the dynamo through conductor 53, contacts 52 and 50, lever 45,0011- tacts 49 and 51, lever 46, conductors 48, 21,

ate further motion of the lever 46 into the position Fig. 9 are separated without formation of sparks, after which the switching op- The levcr46, causing the short-circuitingof the dynamo, is now connected, on the one hand, with the crank of thecontrollcr and, on the other hand, with the brake-pedal in such a manner that a commutation of the controller can only be effected after an operation of the switch, while the automatic brake-pedal also first operates the switch before it can come into operation.

54, 55, 56, and 57 denote fixed pivots. 58 is the brake-pedal, 59 the controllcr-cranh, it will be seen that if the brake-pedal is actuated, lever (51 will move in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 7, the said lever actuating thereby the switch 54 in the manner described above The samercsult is HCCOIIIpllSlIQLl if the controller-crank is actuated, which can only be eiiected when the locking device is released, (moved) insulated from each other.

The hand-crank of' the controller is for safety sake provided with a locking device by which the crank is secured in its various positions. The switch c is so arranged that a motion of the levers 45 and 46 and the shortcircuiting oi the dynamo thereby effected takes place simultaneously with the release of the locking device, whereby the controller normally in contact its Both levers on pivot 54 are of course can be operated only after this release, after I which the dynamo is already deenergized.

\ a common means for making the circuit and for switching the resistance parallel with the dynamo-field and varying the same during the maintenance of the circuit, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a dynamo, a plurality of motors, a system of wiring comprising the dynamo elements, another system of wiring comprising the motor elements, a variable resistance, and a common means for com-- pleting a circuit comprising said systems of wiring and the dynamo and motor elements, for eiiecting an arrangement in which the motor-fields stand in series and the motorarmatnres in series, or the motor-fields in series and the motor-armatures parallel; or the motor-fields parallel and the motor-armatures parallel; and for switching the resistance into said circuit parallel with the dynamo-field and varying the same during the maintenance of the circuit, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a generator of electricity, a plurality of motors, a system of wiring comprising said generator, another system of wiring comprising ,the motor elements, a variable resistance included in said last-named system, and a controller having contacts, said controller being movable to make of said systems of wiring a single circuit containing the generator, motor and resistance or to make of said last-named system of wiring an independent circuit having the motor-fields in series and the inotor-armatu res in series and the resistance in series with the motor-fields and to vary said resistance, substantially as described.

t. The combination of a dynamo, a motor, a system of wiring comprising said dynamo, another system of wiring comprising the motor, a shunt having one end attached to one pole of the dynamo-armature, a controller movable to close the circuitcomprising said systems of Wiring and to establish various relative arrangements of the dynamo and .comprising said dynamo, another system of wiring comprising the motor, a shunt having one end attached to one pole of the dynamoarmature, a controller movable to close the circuit comprising said systems of wiring and to establish various relative arrangements of the dynamo and motor elements, a locking device for the controller, a brake-actuating device, and a switch operatively connected to both of said devices and operative from either to connect the other end of said shunt with the other pole' of the dynamo-armature to short-circuit the latter upon the movement of eitherof said devices,substantially as described.

f 6. The combination of a dynamo, a motor, a circuit including the dynamo and motor, a shunt having one end attached to one. pole of the dynamo-armature, a controller movable to close the circuit and to establish various relative arrangements of the dynamo and motor elements, a switch adapted to connect the other end of said shunt with the other pole of the dynamo-armature whereby to short-circuit the latter, and mechanical means, operative from the controller, for moving the switch to etiect the short-circuiting prior to the movement of the controller, substantially as described.

7. The combination of a dynamo, a motor,

a circuit including the dynamo and motor, a

shunt having one end attached to one pole of the dynamo-armature, a brake-actuating device, a controller movable to close the circuit and to establish various relative arrangements of the dynamo and motor elements, a switch adapted to connect the other end of said shunt with the other pole of the dynamoarm'ature whereby to short-circuit the latter, and mechanical means, operative from the brake-actuating device, for moving the switch 

